19 March 2024 /

See today's Peace Related News

Peace Process Overview


Myanmar’s peace process is highly complex given the large number of actors involved, lack of transparency and rapid speed of changes. Aside from the main stakeholders the government’s peace team and the militia groups, the international community, CBOs and non-state mediators are important in brokering, mediating and monitoring the peace talks; as well as well implementing ceasefire agreements and policy advocacy.

peace process overview update

Government

Armed Groups

led by:
Union Level Peace Team Enter the legal fold:

  1. give up arms/transform into BGF → now allowing ethnic armed groups to keep their arms
  2. set up a political party
  3. contest in elections myanmar peace monitor myanmar peace monitor myanmar peace monitor

Govt peace plan

Led by:
UNFC, United Nationalities Federal Council

  1. political talks (according to the 2008 federal constitution drawn by ethnic and democratic opposition groups)
  2. union accord – agreement on power sharing and resource sharing = amending the 2008 constitution
  3. approval from parliament

UNFC peace plan

Peacemaking bodies

Central Committee Policy making Body

  1. Chaired by President Thein Sein

11-members including:

  1. Vice President U Nyan Tun (replaced U Tin Aung Myint Oo, Aug.16, 2012)​
  2. Vice President Dr. Sai Mauk Kham
  3. Speaker of the Upper house U Shwe Mann
  4. Speaker of the lower house U Khin Aung Myint
  5. Commander-in-Chief of the Defense Services Vice Senior-General Min Aung Hlaing
  6. Minister of Home Affairs Lieutenant-General Ko Ko
  7. Defense Minister Lieutenant-General Wai Lwin (replaced General Hla Min)
  8. Border Affairs Minister Lieutenant-General Thet Naing Win (replaced Lieutenant-General Thein Htay)
  9. Attorney-General Dr. Tun Shin
  10. Director of President’s office U Min Zaw

Working Committee Implementing Body

Myanmar Peace Center Secretariat

UNFC members

Ceasefire 6 members:

  1. KNU, Karen National Union
  2. KNPP, Karenni National Progress party
  3. SSPP/SSA-N, Shan State Army-North
  4. CNF, Chin National Front​
  5. NMSP, New Mon State Party​
  6. PNLO, PaO National Liberation Organization

Non-Ceasefire 5 members:

  1. KIA, Kachin Independence Army
  2. NUFA, National United Front of Arakan
  3. WNO, Wa National Organization
  4. LDU, Lahu Democratic Union
  5. PSLF/TNLA, Palaung State Liberation Front​/ Ta-ang National Liberation Army
  6. *KNO, Kachin National Organisation (merged with KIO)

Transformed Armed Groups

  • DKBA BGF 1011 to 1022 Kayin State Democracy and Development Party (KSDDP): 2 elected MPs
  • KDA PMF 3 to 7, runs businesses and carries out development projects
  • KNG PMF
  • KNU Peace Group 1 elected MP, USDP member
  • KNU Peace Force BGF 1023 Kayin State Democracy and Development Party (KSDDP)
  • KNDP, KNPDP, KNPLF, KNUSO BGF 1004 & 1005, Business groups
  • NDA-K BGF 1001, 1002, 1003, 1 elected MP.
  • PNO Pa-O National Organization party: 8 elected MPs
  • PSLF PMF Mann- pan & Mann Ton, Ta-Aung (Palaung) National Party (TPNP): 2 elected MPs

Non-UNFC

following the UNFC’s leadership

  • ALP, Arakan Liberation Party, aka Rakhine State liberation Party (involved in WGEC)
  • DKBA-5, Democratic Karen Buddist Army- Brigade 5
  • (follows KNU’s political leadership)
  • KPC, KNU/KNLA Peace Council​
  • (UNFC unofficial observer)
  • KNLP, Kayan New Land Party (UNFC observer of the, under pressure from the govt to transform into a PMF (April 7, 2010) but continues to function as a ceasefire group)​

unofficially following UNFC principles and plan

  • UWSA, United Wa State Army​
  • NDAA-Mongla National democratic Alliance army​
  • RCSS/SSA-S, Shan State Army-South
  • AA, Arakan Army​
  • ABSDF, All Burma Student’s Democratic Fron
  • MTUF, Mergui-Tavoy United Front

Others

  • NSCN-K, National Socialist Council of Nagaland – Khaplang (primarily demanding economic and social development for their area)​

International Actors

Others

CBOs and NGOs

Monitoring

  • e.g. Mon Regions Peace Monitoring Group, Shan Women Action Network, Karenni Civic Society Network

Policy and peace advocacy

  • ​e.g. Women’s League of Burma, White Holding Hands, Peace Network, Kachin Peace Network, Generation Wave

Peace talk Facilitators

  • Karen Peace Support Team Shalom Foundation

Ceasefire implementation

  • CIDKP, Committee for Internally Displaced Karen People
  • KORD, Karen Office for Relief and ​Development
  • SRDC, Shan Relief and Development Committee